Flat White vs Latte：都是浓缩 + 蒸奶 + 薄泡，但 Flat White 更小更浓（咖啡比例高），Latte 更大更柔。Cappuccino vs Latte：Cappuccino 奶泡厚、更蓬松；Latte 泡薄、更顺滑。Macchiato：传统意式是「浓缩点奶泡」＝很浓，别和连锁店那种「焦糖玛奇朵」（其实是加料拿铁）搞混。
Answer firstEspresso milk drinks sound like a long list, but they’re all one formula: a shot of espresso plus different ratios of steamed milk and foam. Least to most milk: Espresso (just espresso) → Macchiato (espresso + a dollop of foam) → Flat White (espresso + steamed milk + thin microfoam, small and strong) → Cappuccino (roughly equal thirds, thick foam) → Latte (espresso + lots of steamed milk + thin foam, softest) → Mocha (latte + chocolate). Read the ratios and you’ll never be lost ordering again.
It’s really one formula
Don’t let the names fool you. Every espresso milk drink is three layers: a shot of espresso at the bottom, steamed milk in the middle, foam on top. Change the ratio and cup size and you get a different drink. Less milk is stronger, more milk is softer; thicker foam is airier.
Six cups at a glance
Espresso
just espresso
Macchiato
espresso + a foam dollop
Flat White
milk + thin foam · small, strong
Cappuccino
roughly equal thirds
Latte
lots of milk · softest
Mocha
latte + chocolate
Dark = espresso, cream = steamed milk, lightest = foam. Left to right, more milk.
Drink by drink
Espresso: a single shot, strongest, the base of everything. Macchiato (espresso macchiato): espresso “marked” with a dollop of foam, still strong with a hint of milk. Flat White: espresso with plenty of steamed milk and only a thin microfoam, in a small cup, milky yet strong. Cappuccino: espresso, steamed milk and foam in roughly equal thirds, thick foam, airy. Latte: espresso with lots of steamed milk and a thin foam, softest and milkiest, and best for latte art. Mocha: basically a latte with chocolate, sweet.
Side by side
Drink
Espresso
Steamed milk
Foam
Character
Espresso
1 shot
none
none
strongest
Macchiato
more
none
a little
strong · milky note
Flat White
more
lots
thin
small · milky, strong
Cappuccino
medium
medium
thick
airy · balanced
Latte
less
most
thin
softest · milkiest
Mocha
less
lots
thin
+ chocolate · sweet
* Americano = espresso + hot water (no milk), order it when you want a black coffee. Cup sizes and recipes vary a little by cafe.
· · ·
The three most confused
Flat white vs latte: both are espresso + steamed milk + thin foam, but a flat white is smaller and stronger (higher coffee ratio) and a latte is bigger and softer. Cappuccino vs latte: a cappuccino has thick, airy foam; a latte has thin foam, smoother. Macchiato: the traditional espresso macchiato is “espresso marked with foam”, i.e. strong. Don’t confuse it with a chain’s “caramel macchiato”, which is really a flavoured latte.
Want to make these yourself and learn latte art too? JWC classes take you from steaming milk to the finished cup.
FAQ
Latte vs flat white?
Both are espresso + steamed milk + thin microfoam, but a flat white is smaller and stronger (higher coffee ratio), a latte is bigger, milkier and softer.
Cappuccino vs latte?
A cappuccino has thick foam and roughly equal thirds, so it’s airier and balanced; a latte has more milk and thin foam, so it’s smoother and milkier.
Is a macchiato a milky coffee?
A traditional espresso macchiato is mostly espresso with a small dollop of foam, so it’s strong, not milky. A chain “macchiato” is usually a flavoured latte.
What should I order for black coffee?
An Americano (espresso + hot water) or a straight espresso; pour-over is filter black coffee.
Make them all
Want to make the whole milk-drink menu at home?
From steaming milk to ratios and latte art, a mentor builds latte, cappuccino and flat white with you · from RM199 · real machines
